Iran’s late 2025 protests, triggered by economic collapse, were met with mass killing and an internet blackout that made casualty verification a central political struggle. This “politics of counting” is situated in a recurring post-1979 pattern rooted in the regime’s institutional dualism and coercive capacity.
Reading, Remembering, and Reorienting for Comprehensive Exams
Comprehensive exams are less about recalling every detail of every book than about building a durable system of arguments, interventions, and stakes. Read with precision, take structured notes, test your memory, and lean on community—the process is as much formation as it is evaluation.