Clio and the Contemporary

  • The Force of Sound: Listening after 9/11

    September 10, 2026 by

    In the immediate aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, radio programmers worried about what music might mean to listeners. In the years that followed, the US military and other state authorities began to treat sound as a tool that could be used to disorient, exhaust, injure, and coerce, leveraging sound as a physical and painful coercive force.

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